安全飲用水 Safe Drinking Water

Water is our main source of life line, without water for 72 hour you would probably die of dehydration. There is no such thing as safe drinking water in the wilderness even it comes from the mountain. Here we will discuss few methods of obtaining safe drinking water for Survival. The last method SODIS is rather interesting
水是人不可或缺的主要來源,若72小時中沒有攝取一滴水,就可能會死於脫水。我們都認為山上流下來的泉水可生飲,但事實上戶外沒有所謂乾淨可喝的水。在這裡,我們將討論一些可獲得安全飲用水的方法。最後一個方法SODIS是相當有趣


People tends to misunderstand Water Purification and Water Filtration. They are not the same, you need this 2 process to create a clean safe drinking water.
人們往往誤解了淨化和水過濾。它們是不一樣的,你需要這個2個過程才能獲得安全的飲用水。
  • Filtration 過濾
  • Chemical 化學藥品
  • Distillation 蒸餾
  • Condesation 露水
  • Boiling 沸騰
  • Ultraviolet Radiation 紫外線輻射 
Filtration 過濾
The easiest is to buy commercial available water filters but all manufacture claims their filter will get rid of 99.999% bacteria and viruses. What happens to the 0.001%?
Another method is you DIY a filter using various layer of sand. This method will get rid of small particles in the water and only through boiling is safe to drink.
我們可在市場上輕易的購買到淨水器而且每個聲稱可以過濾掉99.999%的細菌,那剩下的0.001%呢?
其實有一種方法可自己動手做過濾器:將水倒入層層的砂,這些砂會將水中雜質過濾掉。但不論是買的淨水器或自製的,只有煮沸的水是安全的

Video on Bio Sand Filter





Chemical 化學藥品
Commercially there are available water tablets or mixture that treats the water. However you still need to filter the water get rid of the small particles floating in the water. Some said you can use bleach or iodine but how much do we really know to add in the water. I have stop using chemical for 2 reasons. Most of them have expiry dates and I do not wish to subject my body to chemicals.
市場上有售淨水藥片或藥水,雖然是淨水了,但仍是需要過濾漂浮在水中的微小顆粒。或許有人認為可以使用漂白劑或碘,但真正有多少人知道該加多少劑量到多少水中?不想讓身體受到化學物質影響與買了這些化學淨水劑常常是放到過期讓我停止使用此種方式淨水


Distillation 蒸餾
This method would be the safest but it is time consuming.  One method is using Solar Still and the other is distillation through Boiling. This method is ideal for seawater and urine
蒸餾取水最安全的,但非常耗時。有兩種方法可取得蒸餾水:一是使用太陽能,另一種是通過煮沸的水此方法使用海水或尿液。


  


Condensation 露水
Take a bag, wrap around the plant and wait for the condensation or wait for morning dew to form.
植物包在一個袋子裡早晨露水。


Video on India's Engineering


Boiling 沸騰
Boiling is the safest method to kill all bacteria in the water but it will be ideal if you filter the water before boiling. The picture below shows the difference between boiling and simmering.
煮沸的水是最能殺死水中所有的細菌,但最安全的方式還是將水過濾後再煮圖為未沸騰和已沸騰的區別
Simmering and boiling

Ultraviolet Radiation 紫外線輻射
Commercial product such as SteriPen uses UV to kill bacteria in the water. A Foundation has came up with a simpler method called SODIS (Solar Disinfection). This might be the easiest method and has been using in the 3rd World Countries just by using PET bottle and the Sun. More information on SODIS.
商業產品如SteriPen使用UV殺死水中的細菌。有基金會已經想出了一個簡單的方法稱為 SODIS(太陽能消毒),這可能是最簡單的方法,只使用寶特和太陽並已將此法使用在第三世界國家更多SODIS資訊如下


Videos on SteriPen and SODIS